نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دکتری تخصصی، گروه آینده پژوهی، دانشگاه امام حسین، تهران، ایران
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین اثربخشی آموزش شناختی رفتاری مثبت‌نگر بر داغ اجتماعی و خودمراقبتی در سالمندان با سندرم آشیانه خالی انجام شد. آموزش کارآفرینی در سیستم آموزشی ایران استفاده کنیم. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که کشور ایران دارای برنامه ای منسجم و هماهنگ در زمینه آموزش کارآفرینی ندارد و این امر تا حد زیادی ریشه در فرهنگ و مباحث وابستگی به دولت قابل تحلیل است.کشور ژاپن، از آموزش کارآفرینی لازم برخوردار نبوده است و لی در سال 2014 ، ابتکارات سیاست EDGE و سپس EDGE-NEXT (2017) ، به منظور جبران کمبودها در زمینه آموزش کارآفرینی اجرا شد. در کشور هلند، کارآفرینی مبنایی است که اقتصاد هلند بر اساس آن بنا شده است. کارآفرینی، سبب ایجاد اشتغال، بهره وری و نوآوری؛ و نیز، سبب رونق کشور می شود. بنابراین، دولت هلند ارزش بسیاری برای کارآفرینی قائل است نقاط عطف سیاست کارآفرینی هلند در ده سال(2005-2015) اتفاق افتاده است و دولت از طریق برنامه های مختلف، هم به آموزش و هم به مباحث بازار کارآفرینی توجه کرده است. آموزش کارآرفرینی در انگلستان، عمدتا بر مرحله یادگیری تمرکز دارد و دامنه وسیعی از محتویات و محتوای غنی را پوشش می دهد. این دوره آموزشی در دوران دانشگاهی سیستم برنامه آموزشی آگاهی کارآفرینی، دانش کارآفرینی و شغل کارآفرینی، را شکل می دهدفعالیت های آموزشی کارآفرینی در انگلستان، مبتنی بر پارک های علمی و فن آوری است. ایالت متحده، اولین کشوری است که آموزش کارآفرینی را آغاز کرده است و به تدریج این گسترش و بلوغ در این زمینه را تجربه کرده است و تاکنون نیز موفق به شکل بخشیدن یک اکوسیستم آموزش کارآفرینی شده است. کنسرسیوم ملی آموزش کارآفرینی آمریکا نهادی اصلی در آموزش کارآفرینی با سابقه 28 سال فعالیت در این زمینه است که آموزش کارآفرینی را در سطوح( K-16 مقطع ابتدایی تا راهنمایی) و بزرگسال برعهده دارد. این یافته ها در ارتباط با ایران و در مقایسه با الگوی آموزش کارآفرینی در دیگر کشورها، بیانگر این است که دلایل عدم رشد کارآفرینی در کشورایران به سه دسته عوامل ملی، سازمانی و فردی تقسیم می شود. در این میان به رغم وجود نارسایی در ساختار ملی و سازمانی، عوامل فردی و عدم اجتماعی شدن از جنبه کارآفرینی در نظام آموزشی به خصوص آموزش عالی از دلایل عمده عدم رشد کارآفرینی بوده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
A comparative Study of Entrepreneurship Training for Young People Under Twenty Years Old in Iran, Holland, America and England
نویسنده [English]
- Seyyed Emad Bateni
PhD, Department of Future Studies, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
The purpose of this research is to study the comparative study of entrepreneurship education in the countries of Iran, Japan, Holland, England and America, which is done using the descriptive-comparative method and relying on the indicators adopted by the researcher, so that we can learn from the experience of this countries in the field of entrepreneurship education in Iran's educational system. The results of the research showed that Iran does not have a coherent and coordinated program in the field of entrepreneurship education, and this can be analyzed to a large extent in the culture and topics of dependence on the government. The country of Japan has not had the necessary entrepreneurship education and Lee 2014, the EDGE and then EDGE-NEXT (2017) policy initiatives were implemented to address deficiencies in entrepreneurship education. In the Netherlands, entrepreneurship is the basis on which the Dutch economy is built. Entrepreneurship, the cause of creating employment, productivity and innovation; And also, it causes the prosperity of the country. Therefore, the Dutch government values entrepreneurship. The turning points of the Dutch entrepreneurship policy have happened in ten years (2005-2015) and the government has paid attention to both education and entrepreneurship market issues through various programs. Vocational education in the UK focuses mainly on the learning phase and covers a wide range of rich content. This educational course during the academic period forms the educational program system of entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial career. Entrepreneurial educational activities in England are based on science and technology parks. The United States is the first country that started entrepreneurship education and has gradually experienced this expansion and maturity in this field and has succeeded in forming an ecosystem of entrepreneurship education. National Entrepreneurship Education Consortium is the main institution in entrepreneurship education with a history of 28 years in this field, which provides entrepreneurship education at the levels (K-16 elementary to middle school) and adults. These findings in relation to Iran and compared to the model of entrepreneurship education in other countries, indicate that the reasons for the lack of growth of entrepreneurship in Iran are divided into three categories: national, organizational and individual factors. Meanwhile, despite the existence of inadequacies in the national and organizational structure, individual factors and lack of socialization from the aspect of entrepreneurship in the educational system, especially higher education, have been the main reasons for the lack of entrepreneurship growth.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Entrepreneurship Training
- Educational Program
- Iran
- Holland
- Japan
- England
- America
Bornstein D. How to change the world: Social entrepreneurs and the power of new ideas[M]. Oxford
Davidsson, P. “Nascent Entrepreneurship: Empirical Studies and Developmentsˮ, Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2 (1), pp. 1–76. 2006.
DCE, “Delft Centre for Entrepreneurshipˮ, Retrieved from: www.dce.tudelft.nl. 2017
Delavar, Ali (2014) Theoretical and practical foundations of research in humanities and social sciences, Tehran: Rushd Publications.
Education Policy Studies, University of Twente. 2006.
Education Systems in the Context of the Bologna Processˮ, doctoral dissertation, Centre for Higher
Fateh, Bahram (1389), Dana, Shahrouz, Hamed, Hoshang, entrepreneurial model in Iran's higher education system, lecturers of the Islamic Azad University, Gurmi branch.
Fretschner M, Weber S. Measuring and understanding the effects of entrepreneurial awareness education
Huang, Ying, Shulin Zhang, Shuo Xu, Jibao Gu(2017), The Comparative Study of Entrepreneurship Education Collaborative Model in United States, Britain, Japan and India, Journal of Education and Practice, Vol.8, No.32.
Iman, Mohammad Taqi, Aghapour, Islam (2007), the place and function of angle technique in humanities research, volume 13, number 52
Isaacs E, Visser K, Friedrich C, et al. Entrepreneurship education and training at the Further Education and Training (FET) level in South Africa[J]. South African Journal of Education, 2007, 27(4): 613-629.
Korea[J]. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2005, 1(1): 27-43.
Koroneh, Dawood and Sanaipour, Fatemeh (2016), Entrepreneurship education in Iran based on GEM global entrepreneurship watch indicators, the fourth industry-university interaction conference with business improvement approach.
Kourilsky, M. L. (1995). Entrepreneurship education: Opportunity in search of curriculum.
Kourilsky, M. L., & Carlson, S. R. (1996). Mini-society and Yess! Learning theory in action. Citizenship, Social and Economics Education, 1(2), 105-17.
Kourilsky, M., & Walstad W. (1998). Entrepreneurship and female youth: Knowledge, attitudes, gender differences, and educational practices. Journal of Business Venturing, 13(1), 77-89.
Lee S M, Chang D, Lim S B. Impact of entrepreneurship education: A comparative study of the US and
Madrasi Alam, Zohra, Davodi, Azadeh, (2013) Global Entrepreneurship Watch Indicators and its Evaluation in Iran, Financial and Economic Policy Quarterly, Year 2, Number 8.
Majalel Chobqlou, Mohammad Ali, Rahim Abdullah Pham and Elham Tamjidtash (2013). "Pathology of the entrepreneurial process in the curriculum of university courses", Management Productivity Quarterly, Year 5, Volume 18, pp. 167-187.
Malekipour, Ahmed and Hakimzadeh, Rezvaneh and Dehghani, Marzieh and Zalife Mohammad Reza (2015), a comparative study of the curriculum of entrepreneurship education in the field of social and behavioral sciences in the University of Tehran with the world's leading universities, two quarterly scientific research journals of research and writing Textbooks, Volume 20, Number 38.
Ministry of Economic Affairs, “Entrepreneurship in the Netherlandsˮ, Innovative entrepreneurship.New
Nemati, Mohammad Ali (2013), investigation of entrepreneurial personality traits of Tehran state university students", Innovation and Value Creation Quarterly, Year 1, Number 3.
Nuffic (2017). Higher education system in the Netherlands
Overviewˮ, International Small Business Journal, 29 (2), pp 1-14. 2011.
policy challenges! EIM Business & Policy Research. 2002.
Pouratshi, Mehtab (2017), Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial University in the Netherlands: Trends, Policies and Actions, Hiayaft, No. 7.
Prince, Y.M., Snijders, J., & Gibcus, P. “Entrepreneurship (policy) in the Netherlands in the last ten yearsˮ, Report relating to entrepreneurship and small businesses. Ministry of Economic Affairs. 2009
Rabiei, Ali, Nazarian, Zahra, (2013), Investigating the entrepreneurial capabilities and the effectiveness of the educational system on its increase in the students of Payam Noor University", Education Technology, Volume 9, Number 1.
Shafizadeh, Hamid (1386). "Entrepreneurship Education in Universities and Higher Education Centers", National Conference on Higher Education and Entrepreneurship, Semnan: Semnan University, October 7-3.
Sharif, Seyed Mostafi, Abdul Rasool Jamshidian, Hamid Rahimi and Nahid Naderi (2013). "Analysis of the status of entrepreneurship education in higher education", Entrepreneurship Development Quarterly, Year 3, Number 11, pp. 87-106.
Takhshid, Mohammad Reza, Metin Javaid, Mehdi (2008), Mixed Research Methods in Political Science, Policy Quarterly, Journal of Faculty of Law and Political Science, Volume 40, Number 2.
Technology. 2017..
Thornton, P., Ribeiro-Soriano, D. & Urbano, D. “Socio-cultural factors and entrepreneurial activity: An
TUDelft, “Overview of the Entrepreneurial courses and Activities at TU Delftˮ, Delft University of
University Press, 2007.
van der Hoeven, M. “Entrepreneurship in the Netherlands, Report relating to entrepreneurship and small businesses. Ministry of Economic Affairs. 2009.
Witte, J. “Change of Degrees and Degrees of Change: Comparing Adaptations of European Higher
Zali Mohammad Reza, Razavi Mostafi, Yadalhi Farsi Jahangir, Kord Naij Asdalah (2006), evaluation of the state of entrepreneurship in Iran based on the results of the 2008 GEM Global Entrepreneurship Observatory program; Institute of Labor and Social Security.
)